An NTC thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor whose resistance exhibits a significant, precise, and predictable decrease as the core temperature of the resistor increases within the operating temperature range.
In contrast to RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors), which are typically made from metals, NTC thermistors are generally manufactured from ceramics or polymers. The choice of material used in the manufacturing process of NTC thermistors influences their temperature responses and other performance characteristics.
Most NTC thermistors are suitable for use within a temperature range between -40 and 300°C, where they provide their most accurate readings.
Compared to RTDs, NTC thermistors have several advantages. They are smaller in size, have a faster response time, exhibit greater resistance to shock and vibration, and are more cost-effective. While they may not be as precise as RTDs, their precision is comparable to that of thermocouples. However, thermocouples can withstand significantly higher temperatures (in the order of 600°C) and are often used in applications where NTC thermistors are not suitable. Nevertheless, NTC thermistors offer greater sensitivity, stability, and accuracy at lower temperatures and can be used with less additional circuitry, resulting in a lower overall cost. The absence of signal conditioning circuits (amplifiers, level translators, etc.) that are frequently required with RTDs and always necessary with thermocouples further contributes to the cost reduction.
These characteristics make NTC thermistors an ideal choice for a wide range of applications, including consumer electronics, medical devices, and battery packs.
